RESUMO
The propagation of HIV infection in this country creates the threat of its penetration into state forensic-medical institutions. This study had the objective of estimating the degree of awareness of the personnel of such institutions of the HIV/AIDS problem including their knowledge of emergency preventive measures in extraordinary situations during autopsy studies and other investigations. Anonymous questionnaires were distributed among the respondents involved in the study. The awareness of the personnel of the state-governed institutions of forensic medical expertise was described as insufficient. Simultaneously, the high rate of occupational traumatism among the staff during execution of their offices was documented. Recommendations are proposed for the prevention of HIV infection among the personnel of the state-governed institutions of forensic medical expertise.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trabalho/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV , Instalações de Saúde , Controle de Infecções , Corpo Clínico/normas , Adulto , Medicina Legal/organização & administração , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Instalações de Saúde/normas , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Controle de Infecções/organização & administração , Desenvolvimento de Pessoal/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
The results of a retrospective epidemiological analysis of occupational tuberculosis and hemocontact virus hepatitis morbidity among forensic-medical examiners demonstrate that tuberculosis and virus hepatitis B and C morbidity among the examiners is ten times and more higher than among RF population and has a trend to further rise. This points to necessity for urgent prophylactic measures among personnel of the state forensic-medical institutions.
Assuntos
Medicina Legal , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/transmissão , Hepatite C/transmissão , Humanos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/transmissãoRESUMO
The possibilities of the control over the processes determining the HIV-infection spreading risk are considered. In the view of that the automated system which enables to evaluate risk factors predetermining the appearance of new infection cases was proposed. These factors are systematised in a multilevel database. On the basis of the statistical analysis of the risk factors situations of the spread of the HIV infection are revealed and analysed and measures for their liquidation are worked out promptly. The system is universal and can be used for the prevention of the beginning of other extreme situations caused by the spread of different infections. The examples of the comparative analysis of the risk of sexual behaviour in various groups of servicemen are given.
Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Militares , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Militares/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Federação Russa/epidemiologiaRESUMO
HIV-infection in Russia and its Armed Forces is a serious threat to the national health and country's safety. Study of peculiarities of disease spread in the military collectives and HIV-infection manifestation is an actual problem. HIV-infection is diagnosed during the latent stage in all categories of servicemen and characterized by unchanged function of cellular and humoral immunity. In most servicemen with HIV-infection the disease course has a form of co-infection with parenteral hepatitis B and C.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Militares , Complexo Relacionado com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Complexo Relacionado com a AIDS/etiologia , Adulto , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/complicações , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Prontuários Médicos , Militares/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
The increase in HIV-infection incidence in the RF Armed Forces requires the study of modern epidemiology of this infection, the improvement of prophylactic and antiepidemic measures to prevent the contamination of units and ships and to eliminate the epidemiologic foci in time. The epidemiological situation connected with HIV-infection in Russia and the Armed Forces has the general patterns. The maximal incidence is registered in servicemen living in HIV unfavorable territories of the country. In 2001 the structure of HIV transmission in the military collectives was the following: sexual--51%, parenteral (drug addiction)--45%, parenteral (use of one shaving set)--1%, parenteral (tattooing)--1%, uncertain--2%. The high military epidemiological significance of HIV-infection requires the improvement of preventive forms and methods taking into account the main causes and factors that determine the epidemiological situation in Army and Navy.
